For those who have not read the article, you may read it here:
[link]
Below, I will detail how DA's policies do not line up with my views. All quotes have been taken from DA"s article "Break it down easy - tracing edition" unless otherwise noted.
DA's VIEW:
"At deviantART we believe that tracing has a place in our community. We consider it to be a valid learning tool and a technique which has been used long before we had any such applications such as Illustrator or Photoshop. Tracing is how Michelangelos assistants transferred his cartoons onto the ceiling of the Sistine Chappell."
"While all of this is true to a certain extent it is also true that the various forms of copying are a completely valid learning tool which is practiced primarily by beginning artists and, quite frankly, those artists who lack the experience and training to compose completely original scenes and themes from scratch."
The above paragraphi is taken from DA's article [link]
MY VIEW:
1) Michelangelo drew the sketches, and had helpers transfer HIS sketches onto the ceiling. Michelangelo then proceeded to paint and finish his work. The assistants NEVER took credit for the master's sketches, or signed their name to the Sistine Chapel. None of the assistants said "Well, I traced Michelangelo's sketches, so therefore the pencil marks on the ceiling are my original work." By contrast, when you post any deviation in your gallery here on DA, underneath it is a comment that says "copyright DATE YOUR NAME". And so you are claiming exclusive copyright to that creative work, even if you just traced it.
2) Yes, I agree that tracing can be a learning tool for some. I believe that when you trace or otherwise take another artist's work for your own learning process, that is fine. But keep it OUT of your portfolio. It isn't your work. It isn't your image. That image should not be affiliated with your name. It belongs to someone else.
3) Regarding DA's comment on inexperienced artists using tracings because they lack skills of their own - I could never create blueprints to build a bridge. I am not an engineer. I could TRACE blueprints done by a professional engineer who worked hard in college to become a professional engineer, and put that tracing in my portfolio, but that still would not make me capable of building a bridge or creating functional blueprints on my own. Those tracings would not be representative of my work or ability, and should therefore not be put in my portfolio as representative of my work. Just because you can't draw does not give you the right to trace other people's work and misrepresent it as an example of your own skill. (If you are an aspiring artist, I highly encourage years of practice in place of passing off tracings as your own work. It is more honest, and in the end, you will have greater pride in your work and accomplishments.)
DA's VIEW
"Fair use can apply when there is a reason to copy in order to make a new artistic statement. The analysis of whether a given use is a fair use is the most complex and nuanced in copyright law. Among the factors it considers is whether the use is commercial or non-commercial. Many uses of works on deviantART are entirely non-commercial. We do not permit the sale of FanArt within our Print Store because we want to avoid involvement in a commercial exploitation of a copyrighted character."
MY VIEW:
1) "Copy" is not the same as "Trace". "Copy" implies that you were looking at something, and using your own eye and hand, tried to create a replica. Your own skill as an artist will determine how alike you will be able to make your replica to the original. "Trace" means that you went over the exact lines of another person's art.
2) DA IS making a profit off of FanArt. Go to the Prints section of DA and type in "Naruto", "Sailor Moon", or any other obviously copyrighted material. You will find a large selection of prints that you can buy with these copyrighted characters. You will see that DA is not committed to enforcing the non-commercial nature of fair use of copyrighted material.
DA's VIEW:
"If you chose to trace a stock image, either from our extensive deviantART resource gallery or from a legitimate external stock source such as sxc.hu or i-stock.com, this can be submitted into the vector or vexel gallery (depending on the method which you use) and we encourage you to supply the appropriate references."
MY VIEW:
If you take/trace/use artwork that was created by someone else, giving credit should be REQUIRED, not just "encouraged."
MY VIEW IN A NUTSHELL:
Some artists find it helpful to use tracing as a learning tool. I have never met an art student or college professor that condoned this, but I know that there are some who do find the occasional tracing of an image to be helpful in learning. However, I am firmly against the following:
1) Putting a traced image into your portfolio as a representative sample of your artwork. Your images in your portfolio are accompanied by a comment which copyrights the image to you, hence, the images in your portfolio should be representative of YOUR skill and YOUR talent. Traced images created as part of a personal-learning initiative should NOT represent your work, and should not be copyrighted to you.
2) I am against artists posting tracings, copies or other appropriations of another artist's work without being required to give credit. If you were to write a research paper, you would be required to cite your sources in a bibliography. The same should apply to art.
3) I am against the idea that an artist could post a tracing/copy or other appropriation of another artist's work without written permission from that original artist.
4) I am against people using tracing as a shortcut to creating skillful art. I know that everyone starts somewhere. When I was a kid, I loved tracing pictures from Disney books. But let's face it. I don't own Disney's "Snow White". I have no right to trace "Snow White" and put it in my gallery and in my print store and pretend that this is my "Original interpretation of Snow White." Everyone who wants to be a serious artist needs to come to terms with their need to improve. Everyone should practice, and YES, this might mean that your original pieces do not look as good as your pretty tracings. However, practice WILL make you into an artist with original concepts and skills which YOU will take pride in, and YOU will want to protect. Original artists took a long time to get so good at art that you would want to trace or replicate their art. Those original artists take pride in their work. You should respect that.
5) I am against artists posting artwork that uses tracings or copies of copyrighted material in their prints gallery. You don't have the right to make money off of someone else's copyrighted material. Even if you are not caught, even if the original artist never finds out, it is still against the law. Just because you don't get caught does not mean it isn't wrong.
So now what.....?
I am trying to decide how I want to deal with these inconsistencies in values. Should I leave DA? Should I remove client work from my gallery? (After all, I have signed legal contracts with companies who have paid for my art, and I can't allow others to trace those images and claim them as their own art, or worse, post such art in their Prints gallery.) I haven't decided yet. However, since I make my living as an artist, it is important for me not to support artist communities or affiliate myself with such communities which do not align with my views as a professional artist.